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                  <text>The Freedmen and Southern Society Project</text>
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              <text>Black Surgeon to the Middle Department Commander&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
					        Balt  [Md.]  Jan 20/65&#13;
General,  I have the honor to lay before you a disability that the colored people have to labor under, in travelling between this City and Washington  Which I am of the opinion if you will be kind enough to call the attention of the President of the Balt and Ohio to, will be removed.&#13;
	The company exacts of colored passengers the same fare it does for White, and then huddles them together in the front car with all sorts of persons, where smoking of pipes and segars continue all the time, and where they are subject to insults.  It makes no differece how respectable a colored lady may be; how disagreable smoking may be to her; or how ill she might be, the Employees about the depot will not permit her to enter any other car, and should she by chance get into another and is found there, she is rudely thrust out&#13;
	The following occurence took place with me to day.  I accompanied my wife and another lady to the depot, that they might take the three thirty train for Washington and procured their tickets, after which they entered a car, when a man whom I learned to be one John Wright, followed them, and compelled them to leave that car under the penalty of being put off the train, and go into the front one, where they were nearly stiffled, by the fumes of tabacco.&#13;
	They were obliged at the risk of taking cold, to hoist the window in order to breathe.  In fact they both felt quite sick.  Just behind them sat two rough white men, who indulged in insulting langange.  I appealed to the ticket agent and he said had nothing to do with the cars.  I then spoke to a person by the name of Showacre whose duty it is to superintend the seating of passengers, and he stated that, that was the only car colored persons could ride in.  Lastly, I appealed to the Conductor, and he said the President made the rules and they had to carry them out&#13;
	Now General, I submit that it is unfair for the company to practice such an outrage upon us, and I most respectfully claim your protection in the premises, as a United States Officer.&#13;
	Nor is that the only company that pactices these impositions upon us, for all others, whose trains leave the city, does the same.&#13;
	At the Baltimore and Philadelphia depot there are certain trains in which they will not allow colored persons go on at all.  Notwithstanding, their business may be ever so urgent.&#13;
	Another great inconvenience is, they refuse to sell them through tickets to New York, thereby often times putting them to an extra expence, and detaining them in Philadelphia from ten to twelve hours.  Should a strange colored person not acquainted with these regulations, come there at the hours, which they are not permitted to go on, a policeman is standing by backed up by the Provost guard to put him out&#13;
	Only a few weeks since an altercation took place at the Washington depot, and I apprehend that unless a stop is put to these outrages, a serious difficulty may occur.&#13;
	Hoping General, you will use your good offices to remove these unjust rules, I remain Your obedient Servant&#13;
						      A. T. Augusta.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Surgeon A. T. Augusta to Major General L. Wallace, 20 Jan. 1865, A-63 1865, Letters Received, ser. 2343, Middle Dept. and 8th Army Corps, RG 393 Pt. 1  [C-4147].&#13;
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                <text>A.T. Augusta (surgeon, 7th USCT) to Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace (cmdg Middle Department &amp; 8th Army Corps) alleging that the Baltimore &amp; Ohio R.R. charges Black passengers the same fare yet forces them into the front car of the train, which is filled with tobacco smoke and all sorts of people. "It makes no difference how respectable a colored lady may be; how disagreable smoking may be to her; or how ill she might be, the employees about the depot will not permit her to enter another car, and should she by chance get into another and is found there, she is rudely thrust out." Gives exmample of his wife and another Black woman expelled from their car and forced into the smoking car. </text>
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                <text>Black Surgeon Alexander Augusta writes about the discrimination his wife endured on the train from Baltimore to Washington, D.C.</text>
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              <text>Order by the Provost Marshal at Annapolis, Maryland, and the Provost Marshal to Two White Marylanders&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Annapolis, Md. Dec. 29” 18[64]&#13;
Sir  A colored woman by the name of Matilda Johnson makes complaint that you have her household goods” in your possession and this is to notify you that you must deliver to her forthwith all goods chattels and household utensils of every description that rightfully belong to her or subject yourself to Military arrest for disobedience  of Genl. Order 112 Hd. Qrs. Middle Dept. Genl. Wallace Comdg.&#13;
Geo. W. Curry&#13;
Capt. 4” Del. Vols.&#13;
Provost Marshal&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
	Annapolis, Md. Jan. 30" 1865&#13;
To whom it may Concern  Matilda Johnson colored having claimed Military protection for herself and child a boy named Henry W. Johnson formerly living with Mr James Boyle herself nor boy will not be molested by any one without a written order from this office&#13;
Geo. W. Curry&#13;
Capt. 4” Del. Vols.&#13;
Provost Marshal&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
	Annapolis Md. Feb. 9" 1865&#13;
Gentlemen  I am receipt of your Communications of the 5th Inst  and after a careful perusal of their contents beg leave to say that I have given an order to Matilda Johnson the mother of the boy mentioned of which the following is a true copy &#13;
	And I would further state that in view of the representations made by you and others I have no objections to your again getting possesion of the boy&#13;
	You can see by the reading of the order that the case was left open for an appeal by you if you thought proper to do so but I have never been approached on the subject directly except day before yesterday by a colored girl who said that she lived with you and gave me a pretty clear understanding in the case and I told her that when I saw or received a proper communication from either of you I would attend to the matter as I did not deem her a proper channel of communication and I do think that in my official capacity as Provost Marshal that I have tried to act with courtesy and give proper attention to all be they in what circumstances of life they may and I do not think that my worst enemies can charge me with ignoring even the most common civilities in my official capacity&#13;
	In regard to the violation of an organic law of your State  I have only to say that the law is well enough in its self but it has been shamefully abused my many citizens of this state who call themselves Gentlemen and they have taken advantage of the ignorance of the freedmen and women and indentured under the plea of their not being able to support them their children when in many cases the children were large and old enough to in a great measure support their parents and it was this state of things that caused the issue of Genl. order No. 112. by Genl. Lew Wallace comdg Middle Dept 4&#13;
	You will find enclosed an order for Matilda Johnson to give the child into your charge which trusting will be satisfactory  I. Remain Gentlemen Your. Obt Servant&#13;
	Geo. W. Curry.&#13;
Provost Marshal&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Capt. Geo. W. Curry to James Boyle, 29 Dec. 1864, vol. 153/306 8AC, Letters Sent, ser. 1350, Annapolis MD, Provost Marshal Field Organizations, RG 313 Pt. 4 [C-8938]; Capt. Geo. W. Curry, 30 Jan. 1865, vol. 153/306 8AC, Letters Sent, ser. 1350, Annapolis MD, Provost Marshal Field Organizations, RG 313 Pt. 4 [C-8938]; Geo. W. Curry. to Mess. J. &amp; L. Boyle, 9 Feb. 1866, vol. 153/306 8AC, Letters Sent, ser. 1350, Annapolis MD, Provost Marshal Field Organizations, RG 313 Pt. 4 [C-8938].  &#13;
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                <text>Formerly enslaved Matilda Johnson petitions the Freedmen's Bureau for the return of her children and household goods, after which the agency waived her right to her children</text>
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                <text>Series of complaints around property rights and apprenticeship for Black residents of Anne Arundel County. Of special interest are the two complaints by Matilda Johnson relating to her children and household goods being held illegally by by James Boyle. Resolution of the case indicates that while the Freedmen's Bureau had intervened to have her children returned, Boyle was successful in getting permission to retrieve them under previous apprenticeship proceedings. </text>
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              <text>Black residents of Baltimore to the Secretary of War&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Baltimore [Md.] May 31st 1865 &#13;
Honibl Edwin M, Stanton &#13;
War departement &#13;
Washington, D,C, &#13;
Sir I have the Honor to reporte that in obedience to the general requeste of the Colord Peple of this City for the Maryland Institute or the temples temple for a lecture by Fredrick Dougles of the State of New York, for the purpos of procuring money to convey the body of a lady to Culpeper Count House Va. We have Maid an aplication the boards of manigars for Eaither of the Halls but thay have denied us, &amp; refuse to let the Halls to Colord ordniance. the objection is this Simpley say the Colord [ordneise?] will geather on the Street in front of the Halls &amp; Stop the way of the Street is all the Excuse thay&#13;
make or give. sir The Colord Class have had the Hall before the war was Ended &amp; why can they not have the use of them Now as well as before. sir I aske you to Assiste us in the matter if I am not interferring with rival wrights &amp; if I am you will Please Excuse me for so doing, sir I thik it is predickss against the Colord men. or other Words a gainst the Colord nattion, the bord of manigers have at this time is the only reasion I can assine for the present. sir the Colord men of this city have Assiste[d] in all the war and they ought to Have the wright of the Hall for sutch a case. the bord may have a wright of refusing the Colord Class from you as secatary of war. if so you will plese in form me of the facts, &amp; the groun[d]&#13;
to Which they have a wright to object to the Col[ord] people — Having a lecture in said Halls in Baltimor City, I will give a garientee of good order. you will state why the can not get the Hall. the Colord people are willing to Pay the price the manigers may want, and I can not see why they object in giving the Hall, I think the Colord Have a wright to the Hall as long as thay can pay for it. at time it may be vacated and for rent sir you will plese Decide this grate question. of disputee to which a letter from you can decide it at once, you will parden me if I am not wright in making apeal, to you as it is a question hear between us, the bord of manigars, respect[fu]lly yours obedient servent&#13;
&#13;
B. R. Hawley &#13;
No 43, St, Paul, St &#13;
Balto, Md;&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
B. R. Hawley to Honible Edwin M, Stanton, 31 May 1865, H-775 1865, Letters Received, ser. 2343, Middle Dept. and 8th Army Corps, RG 393 Pt. 1  [C-4148].</text>
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                <text>Black residents of Baltimore petition for redress after they are prevented from renting a concert hall to host a lecture by Frederick Douglass</text>
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                <text>B.R. Hawley to Edwin M. Stanton (sec of war) writing that Black residents of Baltimore have been unable to rent either the Maryland Institute Hall or the Templers Hall for a lecture meeting at which the announced speaker was Frederick Douglass. The reason given for the refusal was that Black resdients would ather in the street in front of the hall. Hawley claims discrimination against Black residents of Baltimore and "against the colored nattion."</text>
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              <text>Commander of the Third Separate Brigade to the Headquarters of the Eighth Army Corps&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Head Q’rs 3d Sep Brig 8th A.C. &#13;
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Col:—  I have just been waited on by the Lieut. Comd'g detachment at Havre-de-Grace who reports that the town authorities of that place are disposed to oppose the purpose of Fred. Douglas to deliver a lecture there some day this week, and asking for orders as a riot may ensue. Having myself heard this orator in this city, &amp; believing his remarks eminently sensible &amp; practical &amp; calculated to do much good at this time, I have directed the Lieut. to oppose the intention of the town authorities, to support the lecturer in his purpose, and at all hazards to preserve the peace. Respectfully Yours &#13;
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Brig General&#13;
&#13;
To&#13;
Lieut. Col. Lawrence &#13;
A A G 8th AC &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Brig General Henry H Lockwood to Lieut. Col. Lawrence, 28 Nov. 1864, Vol. 85/161, p. 100, Letters Received, ser. 2343, Middle Dept. and 8th Army Corps, RG 393 Pt. 1 [C-4147].&#13;
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              <text>Commander of the Third Separate Brigade to the Headquarters of the Eighth Army Corps&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Head Quarters &#13;
3d Sep. Brig. 8th A.C. &#13;
Baltimore Dec. 21st 1864&#13;
Lt. Col. L. B. Lawrence &#13;
A.A.G. 8th A.C.&#13;
Col.  In reply to inquiries made to me by the Maj. Genl. Comdg. concerning a Mr. Stevens  I have the honor to state, that while stationed at Havre-de-Grace in the summer of 1861, I obtained information from a negro, that there was a quantity of arms concealed in the barn of a Mr. Stevenson. I sent Capt. Watson  (who was afterwards killed at the battle of Antietam) of my regiment to search and he succeeded in finding about thirty stand of arms concealed under the floor of the barn. These arms, I seized, but being unable to obtain any evidence of Mr. Stevenson’s complicity, and he disclaiming all connection with, or knowledge of, the matter, I took no further action in the case. &#13;
This Mr. Stevenson, I learn is now senator elect from Harford Co. Very Respectfully Your Obedt. Servt. &#13;
Henry H. Lockwood &#13;
Brig. General &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Brig. General Henry H. Lockwood to Lt. Col. L. B. Lawrence, 21 Dec. 1864, Vol. 85/161, p. 131, Letters Received, ser. 2343, Middle Dept. and 8th Army Corps, RG 393 Pt. 1 [C-4222].&#13;
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                <text>Brig. Gen. H.H. Lockwood to Lt. Col. Lawrence (AAG) reporting that in the summer of 1861 he obtained information from a Black Marylander that Mr. [William B.] Stevenson had a quantity of guns stored in his barn. Mr. Stevenson is now the senator-elect from Harford Co, MD.</text>
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              <text>Maryland Physician to the Provost Marshal of Baltimore, and Two Affidavits of Black Marylanders, All Enclosed in Lieutenant in the First Delaware Cavalry to his Commanding Officer&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Head Quarters, Middle Department, 8th Army Corps, &#13;
Office Provost Marshal, &#13;
Baltimore, Feby 11th 1864 &#13;
Major Hayner  &#13;
Dear Sir  There are two contrabands at the "rest" who say that they buried on the lands of their master a box of Rifles, a box of swords and a cannon about tobacco cutting time... and that they could show where they are. would it not be well to see them about it? Yours truly &#13;
James Armitage &#13;
N.B the locality is Fair Haven a secess hole&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Head Quarters, Middle Department, 8th Army Corps, &#13;
OFFICE PROVOST MARSHAL, &#13;
Baltimore, Feb 11th 1864.&#13;
Albert Carrol, Cold. Says that he left his master, Flanklin S Griffith living at a place called Mount Air Hill about 2 miles from Fair Haven Calvert Co Md. about three weeks ago. I left in Company with Cold boy Ira Cook and for the purpose of Enlisting in the Service of the United States — but was not accepted after examination  Mr Parrott the overseer fired on both of us &amp; wounded us— This Fall about housing tobacco time there was buried by Edward Cook Cold a Box of Swords in the Barn on the premises this was done by order of the overseer Mr Parrott, I got one of the Swords out of this Box after it was buried and gave it to my wife intending to bring it away with me when I came for proof— I know there is a large Secession Flag buried in the Turkey house on the premises. there was 2 Boxes of Guns brought to this place last Spring &amp; then they were Carried to Mr Tom Chews place about 5 miles from Mr Griffiths. There was a Cannon buried at Friendship Ann Arundel Co by Mr Griffith where he now resides, I know the&#13;
very spot where it is buried&#13;
  his	&#13;
Albert X Carrol&#13;
mark 	&#13;
Sworn this 11th Feby 1864 before me &#13;
H Y Hayner &#13;
Maj &amp; ADC Pro. Mar.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Head Quarters, Middle Department, 8th Army Corps, &#13;
OFFICE PROVOST MARSHAL, &#13;
Baltimore, Feb 11th 1864. &#13;
Edward Cook Cold Says that he left his master Franklin S Griffith living at a place called Mount Air Hill about 2 miles from Fair Haven Calvert Co Md. about three weeks ago  I left in Company with Cold Boy Albert Carrol and for the purpose of enlisting in the United States Service but was rejected after being Examined by the Dr.  last Spring Mr Parrott the overseer took me to the Barn and made me bury a large Box of Swords, he was damning the Yankees during this time he said to me if I told anyone where these Arms were buried he would blow me to pieces, I saw the 2 Boxes brought to the place and asked Albert Carroll &amp; Thomas Whittonton Cold &amp; head man on the plantation what was in the boxes and they told me they were full of Rifles, they were carrying them on an Ox Cart towards the Bay Shore, I heard they were carried to Mr Thomas Chews  I saw a Rebel Flag made by Mr Frank Griffith assisted by his Cousin Ed Griffith, I helped bury this flag in the Turkey House. it is contained in a round&#13;
sugar Box. Mr Parrott the Overseer helped me bury this flag. I heard there was a Cannon buried by Mr Griffith on his premises at Friendship Ann Arundle Co Md. &#13;
his 	&#13;
Edward X Cook, &#13;
mark.	&#13;
Sworn before me this 11 Feby 1864 &#13;
H Y Hayner &#13;
Maj &amp; A.D.C. Prov. Mar.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Hd. Qrs. Co. C 1st Del. Cavly &#13;
Relay House B.O.R.R. &#13;
Feb. 16th 1864&#13;
Captain  I have the honor to report that in obedience to instructions from Brigade Head Quarters I proceeded to the house of Mr. Parrott on the property of Mr. Griffith near the village of Friendship in Calvert County Maryland, and made Search for arms and other Government property, I found in a tobacco barn the Sabre box mentioned in Carrol,s affidavit but the Sabres had been removed. I then Searched the house of Mr. Parrott and succeeded in finding two Sabre belts. which I brought Away with me, One of the belt plates was marked with the Maryland Coat of Arms  I also searched the Turkey house for the Secession flag but could not find it. Mrs. Parrott, informed me that there had been such a flag about the house, and that it was the property of Mr. Griffith, but did not know what had become of it, Mr. Parrott could not be found but think he was concealed in a wood near by, I also made search for the buried cannon in the village of Friendship but was unsuccessful as my guide could not recognise the spot. The two boxes of rifles supposed to be buried on the property of Mr. Chews, near the Bay Shore. I did not look for, as I had no one to guide me in the&#13;
search, I sent Carrol accompanied by one of my men to the house where his wife lived, for the Sabre which he Stated in his Affidavit as taken from the buried box. but the wife fearing its discovery might implicate herself, carried it to the house of a neighbor. the person she left it with being absent. I was unable to get it, I then Started for camp bringing the Negro Carroll with me. Very Respectfully Your Obd,t, Serv,t, &#13;
D. C. Clark &#13;
Lt Co "C" 1st Del Cav&#13;
Chas Corbit &#13;
Capt Co "C" &#13;
1st Del Cav&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
James Armitage to Major Hayner, 11 Feb. 1864, Affidavit of Albert Carrol, 11 Feb. 1864, and affidavit of Edward Cook, 11 Feb. 1864, all enclosed in Lt D. C. Clark to Capt Chas Corbit, 16 Feb. 1864, C-62 1864, Letters Received, ser. 2380, Middle Dept. &amp; 8th Army Corps, RG 393 Pt. 1 [C-4176].</text>
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              <text>Deputy Provost Marshal For Kent County, Maryland, to the Headquarters of the Middle Department&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
	Chestertown [Md.]  Nov. 15h 1864&#13;
Dear Sir:  The Orphans Court of this County have bound over one Hundred freed children without the consent of their parents. I do not think a greater injustice was ever committed.&#13;
	There is not a day but what there are from three to six poor women making complaints to me. If you wish the evidence I can send you a report of the proceedings and you will find there are but one or two cases but what are very unjust. Very Respectfully Your Obt. Servt.&#13;
Bartus Trew&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Bartus Trew to Major Wm M. Este, 15 Nov. 1864, T-320 1864, Letters Received, ser. 2343, Middle Dept. &amp; 8th Army Corps, RG 393 Pt I [C-4146].  </text>
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                <text>The deputy provost marshal for Kent County reports that local officials used state indenture laws to facilitate the theft of Black children by former enslavers</text>
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                <text>Bartus Trew (Deputy Prov. Marshal for Kent Co.) to Major Este informing Este that over one hundred free Black children have been bound out by the county Orphan’s Court without the consent of their parents. Trew reports receiving numerous complaints from parents. </text>
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              <text>Surgeons of Several Black Regiments to the President; and Assistant Surgeon to a Member of the United States Senator&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Camp Stanton near Bryanstown Md. [Feb. 1864]&#13;
Excellency, &#13;
Abraham Lincoln &#13;
President U,S, &#13;
Sir, We the undersigned, Medical Officers in the Regiments of Colored Troops, under Command of Brig, Gen, Wm Birney at this camp, have the honor most respectfully to ask your attention to the following statement,&#13;
When we made applications for positions in the Colored Service, the understanding was universal that all Commissioned Officers were to be white men, Judge of our surprise and disappointment, when upon joining our respective regiments we found that the Senior Surgeon of the command was a Negro.&#13;
We claim to be behind no one, in a desire for the elevation and improvement of the Colored race in this Country, and we are willing to sacrifice much, in so Grand a cause, as our present positions, may testify, But we cannot in any cause, willingly compromise what we consider a proper self respect, Nor do we deem that the interests of either the country or of the colored race, can demand this of us, Such degradation, we believe to be involved, in our voluntarily continuing in the Service, as subordinates to a colored officer, We therefore most respectfully, yet earnestly, request, that this unexpected, unusual, and most unpleasant relationship in which we have been placed, may in some way be terminated, Most Respectfully Your Obt, Servants, &#13;
J B. McPherson 19th Regt. USCT &#13;
E. M. Pease Surg. 9th. U.S.C.T. &#13;
Chas C Topliff asst.- Surgeon 19 Reg U.S.C.T. &#13;
M O Carter ass Surgeon 19 Regt&#13;
John O'Downdes asst Surg 9th U.S.C.T.&#13;
Joel Morse asst. Surg. 7" U.S.C.T. &#13;
Henry Grange A.S. 7th Regt U.S.C.T&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Jacksonville, Florida, May 14th 1864,&#13;
Sir  As an Ohio man, and one of your ardent Supporters in years gone by, I take the liberty of addressing you a few lines, asking your counsel and influence in reference to a wrong to which I, with others have been subjected, &#13;
I have been connected with the Medical Department of the Service, since the fall of 1861, serving the greater part of the time in the South Western Army, Towards the latter part of last Summer, coming in contact with a circular from the Surgeon General U.S.A. urging the importance, and need of Surgeons &amp; Asst. Surgeons for Colored Troops, I went on to Washington, and with the understanding which was universal at that time, viz. that all commissioned officers, were to be white men, &#13;
I went before the Army Board, and was passed as an Asst. Surgeon, and five days after (Sept. 15th 1863) was assigned to the 7th Regt. U.S.C.T. Judge then of my surprise and indignation, when upon joining my Regiment I found my Superior Medical Officer, a Colored Man, &#13;
I immediately wrote to the Surgeon General, remonstrating against being placed in such relationship, and asking a transfer to some Regiment where my Superior Officer should be a white man, The communication was referred to the Secretary of War, and the request was, by him&#13;
over&#13;
(2)&#13;
Disapproved, I should have immediately tendered my resignation, but before receiving the reply, an Order came from the War Dept. placing the Surgeon on detached Service; There was much sickness in the regiment, and in accordance with the earnest desire of the Officers of the Regt. I concluded (for the time being at least) to sacrifice my own pleasure and sense of propriety so far, as to remain, and have done so up to the present time, performing not only my own duties as asst. surg. but also of Surgeon in full charge of the regiment; bearing the various responsibilities and for which, no additional compensation, or pay is allowed, During the later part of the winter, in connection with the Surgeons and asst. Surgeons of two other Colored Regiments, I sent forward, a second communication in reference to this subject, but from which I have never received any reply,&#13;
Despairing, therefore, of accomplishing anything through the ordinary or proper channel, I have at length concluded to ask a correspondence with you, to ascertain whether any influence can be brought to bear, to right this wrong, which to my mind is grave, unjust, and humiliating; And more particularly so, when our Government had so extensively declared its intentions to be, not to place any of the colored race in the capacity of Commissioned officers.&#13;
If Government had frankly avowed its intentions of making such appointments, and men with that understanding, accepted positions under&#13;
over&#13;
(3)&#13;
or with Colored Officers, they of course would have had no right to complain; but here it is far otherwise. Not one officer in the whole regiment, had the least idea he was thus to be associated, &#13;
I claim to be behind no one in a desire for the elevation and improvement of the colored race, and am willing to sacrifice much in so grand a cause or noble a work; but I cannot willingly compromise what I consider, a proper self-respect, and if Surgeon Augusta were to return to the regiment today, I should resign immediately; not from any personal feeling against him, but from principle, I have not the slightest objection to Dr. Augusta's holding the position of Surgeon, but it should be an independent one, as for instance, the one he was first appointed to last year at Washington, as a Surgeon of Volunteers, in charge of Contraband Camp, or as Surgeon of some General Hospital for Colored Troops, &#13;
There are but very few colored men who are prepared by educational &amp; professional acquirements for positions of this kind, and if it is the desire of Government to give all such positions in the service, still there are plenty of such places as I have indicated where they can be assigned to duty, and thus avoid thrusting them into regiments, upon or over white officers, contrary to the express understanding held out to them when they entered the service. &#13;
Or, if desired, if a sufficient number of intelligent &#13;
over&#13;
(4)&#13;
and educated colored men can be found to officer a regiment, complete, from Colonel down to Second Lieutenant, I say well and good, appoint them, and have a colored regiment complete, in officers as well as men, Either make the officers all white or all black, I for one do not care which; but this thing of amalgamation or miscegenation in the appointment of officers I do not believe in. Perhaps when I shall have attained to perfect Manhood, in the full sense of the word, I shall just as cheerfully assent to having my most intimate associate &amp; superior officer a colored man, as a white one; but I am free to confess that I do not expect to attain that state of perfection, in this life, &#13;
Again; if a regiment ever needs its full corps of surgeons, it is during the first year of its existence when there is really as much work for three surgeons to do through the acclimating process which every regiment has to go through, as there is afterward for one except in time of a battle or immediately after, &#13;
The appointment therefore of a surgeon so unacceptable to a regiment as to render it necessary to place him upon detached service, before the completion of the organization and keep him there, thus leaving the whole charge of the regiment to devolve upon a person who was only adjudged to be qualified for an Asst. Surgeon; is certainly a matter of great injustice to the regiment  It is also a matter of injustice to the Asst. Surg, thus called to act, the part, &#13;
over&#13;
(5)&#13;
of Surgeon, because he is called upon to perform double duty, and bear a great responsibility without any additional compensation; while at the same time those double duties deprive him of valuable time he would otherwise have for mental and professional improvement, thus being fitted to demand a re examination for position as full surgeon. &#13;
As a matter therefore of justice to all parties I think Surgeon Augusta should be reinstated as Surgeon of Volunteers, and used as at present, in the examination of Colored recruits, or placed in charge of some General Hospital for Colored Troops: and a white man receive the appointment of Surgeon to the 7th Regt. U.S.C. Troops, in his stead. &#13;
I am not aware that appointments of this character have been made in any except the Medical Department of this branch of the U.S. Service, It would seem therefore, as though the precedent that white officers would serve with colored ones, was desired to be established, and as the Medical Department being a Staff service possessing less power to resist such aggressions, had been selected, upon which to try the experiment, As for instance, Surgeon Augusta passed the Examining Board, only as an Asst. Surgeon (his own statement to me) but was by the Secretary of War immediately Appointed full Surgeon of Volunteers; Not satisfied with this independent and preferable &#13;
over&#13;
(6)&#13;
position, but wishing (as I conceive) to be placed where he could command white men to obey his orders he goes to the Secretary of War (his own statement again) and asks a transfer from the Volunteer Service, to his present position as Surgeon in this regiment, which is immediately granted, notwithstanding it being in total disregard of the proclimation that all Commissioned Officers were to be White Men, When I soon after, ask a transfer, as a matter of justice to the understanding I had when accepting my appointment, I am politely told that my request has been disapproved, And the united request of the Surgeons and assistants of three Regts. is afterward treated with silence. &#13;
If there is any way in which you can assist in correcting this wrong, you shall receive my warmest thanks and congratulations, and also, of every other officer with the Regiment, than whom, no better officers or finer men, are to be found in the whole service, I have their most hearty support and concurrence in this effort. I have the honor to be Most Respectfully Your Obt Servant&#13;
Joel Morse Asst. Surg. 7th U.S.C.T. &#13;
Jacksonville Fla,&#13;
Hon. John Sherman &#13;
U. S. Senator. &#13;
Washington D.C. &#13;
P.S. I presume you will remember me as Dr. Morse of Huron O, but if not, you will remember well my father Rodolphus Morse of Auburn N.Y. also Col. J.W. Sprague. (my wife’s brother) J, M,&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
 [Endorsement]								       War Department, &#13;
June 4th 1864.&#13;
Case of Joel Morse, &#13;
Asst. Surgeon 7th U. S. Colored Troops.&#13;
Asks that a white man may be appointed Surgeon of 7th U.S.C.T. in place of Dr Augusta, colored.&#13;
Referred to the Surgeon General with instructions to report where Surgeon Augusta is now on duty. &#13;
By order of the Secretary of War&#13;
(Senator Sherman)									  Jas. A Hardie&#13;
Col &amp; Inspector Genl&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement]						     [Washington, D.C., June 4, 1864]&#13;
REPORT. &#13;
Respectfully returned to the Hon: Sec: of War. Surgeon A T Augusta, was previous to his appointment a resident of Canada from whence he made the ordinary application for appointment as Surgeon of U.S Vols. &#13;
A permit having been sent him it was&#13;
found on his arrival that he was a colored man, This matter having been referred to the Hon: Sec: of War, with the recommendation that the permit be cancelled, it was ordered that Surgeon A. T. Augusta be examined for appointment as Surgeon of Colored Troops instead of Surgeon of Vol’s. He was examined for Surgeon (not Ass’t Surgeon) found qualified and commissioned accordingly, was on duty at the Contraband Camp in this city for a considerable time, but imagining that his position was anomalous, he being the only one occupying it, he applied to be assigned as Surgeon of a Regiment of Colored Troops. He was accordingly assigned to the 7" U.S.C.T. as Surgeon, but on the representation of Ass't Surgeon Morse 7th U.S.C.T. and Surgeon Suckley, Act: Med: Dir: at Baltimore and at the request of this office he was removed from his regiment and assigned to the duty of examining colored recruits at Baltimore Md. where he now is. &#13;
										Jos: K. Barnes&#13;
S.G.O.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Surgeon J. B. McPherson to Abraham Lincoln, [Feb. 1864], M-118 1864, Letters Received, ser. 360, Colored Troops Division, RG 94 [B-11]; Asst. Surg. Joel Morse to Hon. John Sherman, filed with service record of A. T. Augusta, 7th USCI, Carded Records, Volunteer Organizations: Civil War, ser. 519, RG 94 [N-47].&#13;
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                <text>J.B. McPherson et. al. to Lincoln protesting the assignment of Surgeon Alexander Augusta. Claim their commitment to "bettering" Black Americans but assert that it is beneath their dignity to serve with him as their superior officer. A subsequent letter from one of them, Asst. Surgeon Joel Morse of the 7th USCT, implores Senator John Sherman "to right this wrong, which to my mind is grave, unjust, and humiliating."</text>
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              <text>New York Army Officer to the Headquarters of a New York Regiment&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Fort McHenry, M.D. September 20th 1864 &#13;
Sir   I have the honor to Report to the Major Comdg 91st N.Y. Vols. the following viz, on the 17th inst I received 46 recruits from Depot and N.Y.S. one of them is a negro name George Tankard Enlisted in town Platsburg, N. York State by Capt. Glendon. I have assigned him for the present to the Kitchen, it will be next to impossible to quarter him with the company or to drill him with them, and yet by his enlistment he is entitled to all the rights and subject to all the duties with other enlisted men, and must be reported the same. I think under these circumstances it will be difficult to enforce Discipline in the company, I therefore most Respectfully Submit the case to Majr Comdg 91st Regt. hoping some steps may be taken to remedy the evil  I am Sir Very Respectfully Your Obdt. Servt. &#13;
Wm Lee, Capt 91st &#13;
N.Y Vols comdg, E, Co &#13;
To E. G. Shirly &#13;
Lieut &amp; Act, Adjt, &#13;
91st N.Y. Vols&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement] 							        Head Qrs. 91st NY v vols &#13;
Fort McHenry Sept 20th /64 &#13;
Respectfully forwarded to Hd Qrs, 2nd Separate Brigade, 8th AC, with the recommendations that the negro with in referred to, be transferred to a Colored Regiment or Company—  &#13;
Wm J. Donslow&#13;
Major Comdg&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement]	   						            H’d Qr’s 2d S.B. 8th A C &#13;
Dept of Baltimore &#13;
Ft McHenry Sep 22/64 &#13;
Respectfully refer'd to Dep H'd Qrs 8th A.C, approving the recommendation of Majr Donslow comdg the 91st N.Y. Vet Vols [. . . .] &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement] 					            Head-Quarters, Middle-Department &#13;
EIGHTH ARMY CORPS, Baltimore, Md Sept 22d 1864. &#13;
Respectfully forwarded to the Adjutant General U.S. Army And recommended. G&#13;
Lew. Wallace &#13;
Maj. Genl. Commanding&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement]							             War Dept. A.G. Office, &#13;
Sept. 26”, 1864. &#13;
Respectfully submitted to the Secretary of War, with the recommendation that Private George Tankard (colored) 91st New York Vols. be transferred to a colored regiment. &#13;
C.W. Foster &#13;
A.A. General Vols. &#13;
E.B. Vol 1 Page 462. &#13;
order sent. &#13;
Approved By order of the Secretary of War &#13;
Jas A. Hardie &#13;
Col Ins Genl &#13;
USA &#13;
W. Dept Sept 27/64 Transfer him to [the?] 31st U.S. Col'd Inf.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Capt Wm Lee to Lieut E. G. Shirly, 20 Sept. 1864, L-264 1864, Letters Received, ser. 360, Colored Troops Division, RG 94 [B-104].&#13;
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                <text>William Lee (capt NY vols) to Adj of NY Vols writing that he received a group of 46 men in which there was a Black man, George Tankard of NY. Lee states that he has put Tankard to work in the kitchen, and he feels that it would be unsafe to drill or house the Black soldier with the white ones. Asks that the man be moved immediately to USCT—request granted.</text>
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              <text>Statement of a Maryland Mother&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Baltimore, Md., December 31, 1864]&#13;
Case of Kitty Bowland, fw, vs Mr Meredith a Justice of the Peace on Balto [Co?]&#13;
Statement of Kitty Bowland, fw, Vs. Mr Meredith J.P. charged with putting her son a Boy of 16 years (George Bowland) as a substitute at Ellicotts Mills.  on Wednesday last Mr Meredith took the Boy, &amp; a certain Josh Cook (cold man) stole my boy's money. Whereupon he had him arrested. Mr Meredith then charged him with being a Deserter from the army &amp; had him conveyed to Camp Bradford. Mr Meredith refuses to give me any satisfaction, think it very hard that he should be enlisted against his will &amp; not to give me any of the proceeds &#13;
Kitty X Bowland&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement] 					            Head-Quarters, Middle Department, &#13;
EIGHTH ARMY CORPS. &#13;
Baltimore, Md. January 3rd 1865. &#13;
Respectfully referred to Col. Wm H. Browne A.A.QrM. Genl. Md &amp; Del. who will please call upon the Provost Marshal at Ellicotts Mills for a report in this case. &#13;
Please return this paper. By Command of Maj. Genl Wallace &#13;
Saml B Lawrence &#13;
A.A. Genl. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement] 				   			 Office A.A.P.M.G. Md. &amp; Del., &#13;
Balto., Jan. 4, 1865. &#13;
Respectfully referred to Capt. Holland, Pro. Mar. 5th Dist. Md., for report. &#13;
Wm R. Browne &#13;
Col. &amp; A.A.P.M.G. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement] 							     Pro. Mar. Off. 5th Dist. Md. &#13;
Ellicott's Mills, Jan. 9, 1865. &#13;
Respectfully returned to Col. Wm H. Browne, A.A. Pro. Mar. Gen. for Md. &amp; Del. with following report. George Bowling, (col.) born in West Indies aged 20— 5 feet 8 inches high was enlisted at this office Dec. 29, 1864, as a substitute for Robert Graham a drafted man from the 1st District of Baltimore County. He was put in by Mr. Graham himself, and received two hundred and seventy dollars ($270)  Very Respectfully &#13;
John C. Holland &#13;
Capt. &amp; Pro. Mar, 5th Dist. Md. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement] 		  					 Office A.A.P.M.G. Md. &amp; Del., &#13;
Balto., Jan. 10, 1865. &#13;
Respectfully returned to Lt. Col. Sam'l B. Laurence, A.A.G. Mid. Dept. &amp; 8th A.C. with reference to the report of Capt. Holland, Provost Marshal 5th Dist. Md. &#13;
Wm R. Browne &#13;
Col. &amp; A.A.P.M. Gen. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement]					            Head-Quarters, Middle Department, &#13;
EIGHTH ARMY CORPS. &#13;
Baltimore, Md. Jany 11th, 1865. &#13;
Respectfully referred to Commanding Offi[cer] Camp Bradford who will plea[se] examine this man, and return [this] paper with report and remarks. By command of Maj. Genl. Wallace &#13;
Saml B Lawrence &#13;
A.A.G &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement] 						    Head Qrs. U.S. Draft Rendezvous. &#13;
Baltimore, Md. Jany 13" 1865. &#13;
Respectfully returned to Maj. Genl. Wallace, Commdg Middle Dept, 8th A.C. with the information that George Bowley was forwarded to Camp Birney, on the 4th day of January 1865. &#13;
G A Washburn &#13;
Lieut Col V.R.C. Commdg. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement]					           Head-Quarters, Middle Department, &#13;
EIGHTH ARMY CORPS. &#13;
Baltimore, Md. Jan. 14th 1865. &#13;
Respectfully referred to Captain Butler, in charge Bureau of Recruiting Service U.S.C.T., in Baltimore City, who will please examine this man, and return this paper with report and remarks. By Command of Major Genl. Wallace &#13;
Saml B Lawrence &#13;
A.A. Genl. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement]							        24 Holiday St. Balto Md. &#13;
Jany [14?] [1865] &#13;
Respectfully returned to Maj. Genl. Wallace Comdg. Middle Department. 8th Army Corps, with the information that George Rowley was forwarded to Camp Casey near Alexandria Va. Jany. 8th 1865. By order Capt Jas Bu[tler] [. . .]  &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
[Endorsement]					            Head-Quarters, Middle Department, &#13;
EIGHTH ARMY CORPS. &#13;
Baltimore, Md., Jan. 17th 1865. &#13;
Respectfully forwarded to Col. C. W. Foster, A.A. Genl., for his information and action In the absence of the Maj. Genl. Commanding &#13;
Saml B Lawrence &#13;
AAG &#13;
file&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Statement of Kitty Bowland, 31 Dec. 1864, B-46 1865, Letters Received, ser. 360, Colored Troops Division, RG 94 [B-117].</text>
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